Ophthalmic statistics note 7: multiple hypothesis testing—to adjust or not to adjust
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
Ophthalmic statistics note 7: multiple hypothesis testing—to adjust or not to adjust.
DEFINING THE PROBLEM Investigating multiple research questions, or hypotheses, within one study is a common scenario in biomedical research with many examples in ophthalmology. As the number of statistical tests increases, the overall chance that we draw an erroneous conclusion in our study gets higher in a predictable manner. Each statistical test conducted at the conventional 5% significance ...
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I commend the authors for undertaking a detailed analysis of the bias produced by indiscriminate adjustments for pretreatment covariates [1]. While I agree with the analysis, I take exception to the authors’ conclusion that “for linear systems, except in some extreme cases, adjusting for all the pretreatment covariates is in fact a reasonable choice.” My reading of the analysis leads to the con...
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M-Bias,” as it is called in the epidemiologic literature, is the bias introduced by conditioning on a pretreatment covariate due to a particular “M-Structure” between two latent factors, an observed treatment, an outcome, and a “collider.” This potential source of bias, which can occur even when the treatment and the outcome are not confounded, has been a source of considerable controversy. We ...
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In 2006, the National Quality Forum (NQF) established a policy against adjusting quality measures for sociodemographic risk factors, ie, socioeconomic status and other social risk factors.1 This policy was based on concern that statistical adjustment could mask poor care provided to socially disadvantaged patients and create lower standards of care. However, given the potential influence of soc...
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Children aged 4 to 7 years (N = 120) played four rounds of a find-the-sticker game. For each round, an informant looked into two cups and made a claim about which cup held a sticker. At the end of each round, children guessed the sticker’s location, and then the sticker’s actual location was revealed. For three of the rounds, the informant accurately reported the sticker’s location. But critica...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: British Journal of Ophthalmology
سال: 2015
ISSN: 0007-1161,1468-2079
DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-306784